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Wang Yangming’s “Four Ethicals and Comrades”Consumering Market New Interpretation
——About the “Liao’anfang Cemetery Table” A Cause of Questioning the World
Author: Chen Lixue
Source: “Philosophy Research” Issue 3, 2021 (with an omission)
Author’s Note: The original abbreviated version was published in “Philosophy Research” Issue 3, 2021, 2021, 2021, and the full text is being announced
One
Teacher Yu Yingshi taught his profound and profound learning experience in his life, and summarized the progress of Chinese thinking history for thousands of years, which is summarized as “the four most disruptive transformation periods.” During these four periods of dynasty, the times were “the international war between the ages” (from “the collapse of the throne” to “the schizophrenia of the Tao”), “the international of Han Dynasty” (“unrestricted and group order”), “the international of Tang and Song Dynasties” (“dedication to the three dynasties and the rule of the whole country”) and “the international of Ming and Qing Dynasties” (“Interaction between scholars and merchants and the way of view of the common people“). Therefore, the long history of Chinese thinking has a clear source and flow. However, there are many problems with a famous example applied by Mr. Yu during the fourth serious breakdown of the certificate. This example is the “Liao’anfang Cemetery Table” written by Wang Yangming (hereinafter referred to as “Tomb Table”). “What surprised me the most was that there was not a single ‘tomb table’ written for merchants in the collection of essays (“Lian’anfang Cemetery Table” – Introduction), and there was a sentence of ‘Four Ethical and Comrades’. This is the formal acceptance by Confucianism that business activities should also be included in the ‘Tao’.” Teacher Yu, from this, decided to “The 16th Century – Wang Yangming (1 472-1529)The times——It is the fourth serious breakthrough in the history of Chinese thinking. “[2]
This article was called “a essay on the plot of the era in the history of Neo-Confucian social thinking” by Yu Yingshi. The text on the tomb is not long, and is recorded below:
There was a scholar in Kunshan, Su, who was a scholar and a son. After that, he left, and lived in Zhu’s family. Zhu was a businessman, and his friend said, “Is he going to the scholars to come to the Shang Dynasty?” The old man smiled and said, “Is he aware that the scholars are not businessmen, but the merchants are not businessmen?” His wife’s family was in charge of the affairs, so he served as a county. His friend said, “Did you go to the scholar again and come to work?”The old man smiled and said, “Your Majesty also knows that the scholars are not doing things for the purpose of serving, but the servants are not doing things for serving?” After a long time, he said, “I am a man of the world who is mediocre in the world, but I am using this to promote customs and customs, which is why I cannot do anything to benefit now.” He left again. I apologize and do everything to make me lose money. The court made the best of honor. Later, he was granted the title of Jianningzhou official website. Weng Si was as unsatisfied as he was indifferent. He was paired with Zhu Zili to cultivate his family and taught his two sons, Yu Zi and Feng, who were both appointed as scholars and officials. When the old man was old, he had a banquet with his countrymen. Many people in the country can tell their lives, and they are all open and distant. Shi Shin-ShiJiuhe said: “I see the book of the old man and his two sons. Both of them are loyal and filial piety. They are based on customs and are understood by ancient people. Yang Mingzi said: “In ancient times, the four people were familiar with each other and were comrades, and their hearts were all the same. Scholars use cultivation to cultivate, farming to cultivate, crafts to use sharp tools, merchants use to communicate with goods, and each one should work to meet the needs of their resources and to work hard to achieve their own hearts. The reason is that it does not benefit people, and it will be cured. The scholars and farmers use their full attention to repair and nourishing, and they use their sharp tools to store their talents and farmers. The industry and commerce use their full attention to repair and nourishing, and they use their crafts and merchants to store their crafts and merchants. Therefore, it is said: Four people are prone to different careers and comrades. …Because of domineering and learning from the law, people lose their hearts, and they communicate with each other to benefit each other, so they began to be willing to be humble and farm, and to celebrate the ranks of officials and travel to work hard. The test of the qi is actually true, but it is even more unfavorable when shooting, and it is particularly famous. Extremely speaking, the perverted verbal confusion is to confuse the world, and compared with the benefits of utilizing goods, the sins are superficial but not real. I admire Fang Weng’s metaphor for “scholars and businessmen come from business” and it is undoubtedly a familiar meaning to the ancient four people, such as those who are excited and circumscribed. Oh! This Yi has been destroyed for a long time! …”Wheng was buried at the foot of Anshan Mountain in the west of the city. With Zhu Ru Ren, he had a career and was buried together.…[3]
Yu Yingshi’s book “Chinese Late Religious Ethics and Merchant Energy” uses a large number of historical materials to prove that Chinese religious ethics is just suitable for “fantasy” Wei Bo The form of “asceticism in the world” in the new teaching ethics is of course a serious revision of the teaching of Veber. However, Teacher Yu added that it is not impossible to determine that Chinese religious ethics belong to asceticism in the world. The reason why the capitalist theory will appear in China early will not be determined. It does not seem that Veber’s new teaching ethics theory is彩国 was moved because Weiber clearly stated in the General History of Economic Affairs that “fair accounting system”, “market is not restricted”, “sensible technology” and “reliable” in “General History of Economy”. The laws, “unrestricted power” and “business through economic career” are conditions for the establishment of modern capitalism. Therefore, Veber’s theory can still be tested with a little adjustment. Why does China have no capitalism? The reason is that although there is no lack of “the ethics of the world” and a lack of a “sensible process” of politics and laws (the Process of rationalization), which is still a Veberian underpinning. This series of insights actually have the same effectTeacher Yu taught historians’ big views and insights, and also made us briefly understand the strict and concise teaching and discussion. Teacher Yu put the discussion on “Four Ecological and Comrades” in Yangming’s “Tomb Table” into China’s ethical form of “advancement in the world”, and believed that Yangming’s teaching on learning to discuss the body and express his skills at the scholarly level is also suitable for the essence of the society. The demand for strength broke the separation between Zhu Xi’s teachings of reading and understanding the truth in “the separation formed between the Neo-Confucian ethics and agricultural industry and commerce”, which reflected the birth of the Qing Dynasty in the ancient European temples, which transformed into the ascetic practice of the secular world, and the “if you want to practice, you can also get it at home, and you can’t help but stay in the temple.” Teacher Yu also instructed Jiao Xun, “The reason why the learning of Ziyang teaches the righteous people in the country, and the learning of Yangming teaches the gentlemen in the country.” He said: The pure transformation of Yangming has led the ethics of the new Confucianism directly to the public: “The new Confucianism has the Yangming school, just as the teaching of the new clan: the development of the teaching in China has truly found its predecessor; the ethics of the new Confucianism also completed its socialization process because of the emergence of Yangming school.” This is highly different from the beginning of the “common sect” that the “common sect” of the “common sect”. [4] In the process of Neo-Confucian ethics penetration into the society, the first thing that comes to the businessman level is the merchant level. How to verify the validity of “business long-term maintenance“? How to provide rationality for the “governance and birth” phenomenon of “scholars”? This is a problem that must be faced by Yangming, and “Tomb Table” just gives the truth.
Yu Yingqiu