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Easy in the Civilization ScenarioBaoqingThe Neighbors and the Country (Part 2)——The Controversy between Zhang Taiyan, Liang Qichao and Yang Du
Author: Gan Chunsong
Source: “Modern Philosophy” wraps up the cat: “Give it to me.” 2021 No. 1 Issue 4
Abstract: A fierce debate on the establishment of future ethnic groups, the rebels represented by Zhang Taiyan and the reformists represented by Liang Qichao and Yang Du, covering issues such as ethnic groups, national systems and civilization concepts. They showed the disagreement between Chinese advanced intellectuals and the establishment of many ethnic countries after they emerged from modern ethnic countries, and these discussions also revealed the differences between people at that time on modern countries.
Keywords: civilized; Zhang Taiyan; Yangdu; Liang Qichao;
At the beginning of the 20th century, the anti-sect represented by Sun Zhongshan gradually exposed its head, and launched a fierce debate on the future social trend of China and the purpose and methods of the change of political system. During this period, Yang Du, born in Hunan, gradually became an eye-catching person in the espionage world because of his powerful literary style and unique thinking. With a monthly income of tens of thousands, do you have to learn more from her, do you know? “In terms of political positions, Yang Du and Liang Qishao are relatively close, which led to their negotiations to establish a political group. His thoughts on issues such as the ethnic group and the country were consistent with the opposition’s proposition. Zhang Taiyan and others criticized the civilization concepts, ethnic group concepts and national concepts contained in Yang Du’s article “Theory of the Golden Iron Theory”. This article uses the thinking and disputes between Yang Du and Zhang Taiyan in the modern country, and sorts out the multi-level theoretical discussions that have covered these problems in the 20th century. This has many insights into the national concepts and international relations of our thinking tomorrow.
1. Yang Du and Liang Qichao: Opening the National Conference and the Design Association
In 1906, Kang You and Liang Qichao decided to rename the Royalist Party to the Imperial Association. At the same time, the Apostolic faction in Japan (Japan) began to prepare for the establishment of the political party, among which Liang Qichao, Yang Du, Qiguanyun, Xiong Xireng, Xu Fosu and others negotiated to break up the political party. During this period, Liang Qichao mentioned Yang Du in his letter to Kang Youxi, and gave him a high evaluation: “There are many Japanese people in the Tokyo academic circle, and those who have recently graduated from China are also spread all over the country. Therefore, if you want to organize a political party, you still have to fight from Tokyo. The most sympathetic and powerful person in Tokyo is Yang Chen Zidu (a native of Xiangtan, a new donor to the doctor of the filial and honesty). He has a deep understanding of Buddhism and studies politics and law in the later generations, and can also have experience. He was the director of the International Student Association and the International Students have some knowledge. He was the director of the International Student Association and the International Students have some knowledge.All of them miss it. Over the years, I have had a deep relationship with the door, but I was too embarrassed to be the name of the Royal Society. The inside was jealous of the authorities and the outside was the target of the Revolutionary Party, which was difficult to expand, so I did not want my colleagues. Now that I have changed my name, three hundred years away (everyone in Tokyo). ”【1】 Liang Qichao said that because Yang Du had changed, he invited Yang Du, Xiong Xiong and others to the Shenguan agreement to organize the affairs of the political party. In order to prevent various domestic forces from having different opinions on Kang, he just asked him to be the leader of the energy and not to take up the specific duties. The political party was established in Tokyo, but the headquarters must be established in Shanghai. This political party has the main theme of establishing monarchy and establishing responsibility and bureaucracy with trees. Therefore, people with similar interests who have influence in the country’s internal affairs are like Zhang Jian, Tang Qian, and asked Yuan Shikai, Duan Fang, Zhao Erxun and others to secretly sponsor. Liang Qichao believed that the biggest enemy of this new policy party was the reactionary party, and changed it The second goal is the revolutionary bureau.
The relationship between Liang Qichao and Yang Du is more complicated. From the perspective of political position, they are interested in establishing a national strategy of multiple ethnic groups with the “monarch’s establishment”. Therefore, Yang Du and others created the “China New News” Later, Liang Qichao wrote a special article in the “New News” to promote it. Based on the article “New News of China” written by Yang Du, he said: “The main purpose of this report is to awaken the country, so that all political responsibilities will be strengthened and powerful, and to compete with the world outside. ”【2】Here, Liang Qichao first criticized the “universal reaction” of the reactionaries, believing that this initiative did not consider China’s historical evolution and national level, incited the “good” and “destructive” nature of the people, and catered to the people’s minds to suppress the economic level of wealth and capitalism. Preface, this is actually a criticism of the important position of “Minutes”. Then, he said that “China New Report” held the monarchy and advocated the monarchy, believing that China should adopt what kind of “political” problem should be adopted at the moment. It should not only consider the purity of theoretical arguments, but settle in China’s reality. Liang Qichao said that he once advocated it. China cannot achieve the right level of the people in the realization of the people in the realm of the people in the realm of the people, and the four tribes of the people in the realm of the people in the realm of the people, and the four tribes of the people in the realm of the people in the realm of the people, cannot achieve the right level of the people in the realm of the people, and the four tribes of the people in the realm of the people, cannot achieve the right level, and I am new. The power of the host country is not enough to be recognized. It must be divided into pieces to suppress China, and it does not have the power to protect its independence. It must be a strong country to summon China to divide it up. This is the most profound and clear statement, and it can be repulsed by the rebels and the difficult response” [2].
It can be seen that in terms of understanding the ethnic group and the country, Liang Qichao and Yangdu have many cooperation points. For example, from the perspective of the combination of civilization and history, they all believe that the ethnic group in China is a “national” composed of the Chinese, the Chinese, the Chinese, the Chinese, and the Chinese, in addition to the so-called “eighteen provinces” in the foreign country, also includes the “eight provinces” in addition to the so-called “eighteen provinces” in the foreign country.Including the sum of all lands including the three northeastern provinces, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Xizhai, all countries internationally recognize these regions as China’s territory. For example, they cooperate with their opposition to “racialism”. In Liang Qichao’s view, of course, there is a theory of a nationality that emphasizes that “one nationality” is formed into a country, such as Japan (Japan). However, a good politician should not rank the different ethnic groups who have always lived in this country, but should use the integration of ethnic groups as their political leadership, “to break the principle of mutual appointing each other” [2]; the Han people’s full-minded pro-support and the Han people’s full-minded arguments are both “large situations” for “self-interest”. Therefore, Liang Qichao became the “nationalism of the ethnic group” advocated by the “China New Report”, and believed that the national theory of the ethnic group of the rebel faction would not lead to the confrontation between the Chinese ethnic groups, and ultimately led to national disputes, which would not resist the strong pressure system of the East. Liang Qichao also said that there are indeed people in the world who have led to national prosperity through nationalism, such as Germany and Italy, but they use “national racialism” to gather the different ethnic groups in the country together, rather than the Chinese nationalist who want to split a country into many small countries; therefore, they should establish the concept of “national racialism” without emphasizing the concept of “national racialism”. “If our party holds nationalism, the difference is that the word ‘common race’ is not a political problem. The only country can be arranged is the country, and the so-called arrangement of a certain race, a certain race is a nonsense.” [2] In other words, it is impossible to determine the arran